Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is an extremely simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective method with a neuroprotective effect. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects of one-time application of RIC on inflammation and coagulation in patients with chronic cerebral vascular stenosis, and compare the different effects of RIC on cerebral arteriostenosis and cerebral venostenosis.A total of 47 patients with defined cerebral arteriostenosis (n=21) or venostenosis (n=26) were prospectively enrolled. RIC intervention was given once with 5 cycles of inflating and deflating for 5 minutes alternately. Blood was sampled 5 minutes before and after RIC for inflammatory and thrombophilia biomarkers. Differences in inflammatory and thrombotic variables at differing time points in the group were assessed using paired t tests or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test.Patients with cerebral arteriostenosis had a higher level of pre-RIC neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P=0.034), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P=0.037), and fibrinogen (P=0.002) than that with cerebral venostenosis. In the arterial group, levels of fibrinogen (P=0.023) decreased, and interleukin-6 levels were elevated (P=0.019) after a single RIC. Age was negatively related to interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen.One-time RIC interventions may show seemingly coexisted proinflammatory and anti-coagulation effects of a single bout on patients with cerebral arteriostenosis. Older age was a negative predictor for multiple biomarkers in the cerebral arteriostensosis group. The protective effect of RIC on cerebral venostenosis patients needs to be further studied in a larger sample size.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.