PAST Up to now, it can be confrmed that the guidelines recommend that surgical resection is the optimal choice for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).1 However, the majority of patients with HCC lose the opportunity for surgery, because they are in the intermediate and late stage when diagnosed, known as unresectable HCC (uHCC). Locoregional treatment combined with systemic treatment has been proven to have certain therapeutic efects on uHCC.2-5 Although the locoregional treatment with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), as well as systemic targeted immunotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, have shown promising efcacy in the treatment of uHCC, no clear guidelines recommend appropriate treatment options for uHCC.