Integrating dietary interventions have been extensively studied for their health benefits, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and aging. However, it is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms of long-term effects and practical applications of these dietary interventions for health. A 10-week intermittent fasting (IMF) regimen was implemented on the aging animals in the current study. The variations of cerebral functions were analyzed employing a comprehensive experimental design that includes behavioral tests, neuroimaging, and ultrastructural analysis, such as resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI), EEG/EMG recordings, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Over a 10-week regimen, IMF significantly improved locomotor activity, motor coordination, and muscle strength compared to controls (p < 0.01). Resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) demonstrated that IMF modulates brain-wide functional connectivity, enhancing communication between key brain regions. Advanced imaging techniques revealed increased expression of myelin-related proteins, including myelin basic protein (MBP), and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), indicating enhanced myelin integrity and repair, particularly in axons with diameters < 400 nm (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that IMF may mitigate age-related declines by promoting better neuronal signaling. This study highlights the potential function of IMF as a non-pharmacological intervention to promote brain health and mitigate cognitive decline in aging populations.