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Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 in human brain and its association with Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19

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机构: [1]Capital Med Univ, Xuanwu Hosp, Dept Neurol, Beijing, Peoples R China [2]Capital Med Univ, Beijing Inst Brain Disorders, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Brain Disorders, Lab Brain Disorders,Minist Sci & Technol, Beijing 100069, Peoples R China [3]Shandong First Med Univ, Shandong Prov Hosp, Jinan 250021, Shandong, Peoples R China [4]Tianjin Huanhu Hosp, Dept Neurol, Tianjin Key Lab Cerebrovasc & Neurodegenerat Dis, Tianjin, Peoples R China [5]Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Resp Med, Ctr Resp Med, Natl Ctr Resp Med,China Japan Friendship Hosp,Natl, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China [6]Chinese Inst Brain Res, Beijing, Peoples R China [7]Wannan Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 22,Wenchang Rd, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, Peoples R China [8]Shengli Oilfield Cent Hosp, Dongying Branch, Ctr Collaborat Innovat Ctr Brain Disorders, 31 Jinan Rd, Dongying 257034, Shandong, Peoples R China [9]Capital Med Univ, Xuanwu Hosp, Beijing Inst Brain Disorders, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Brain Disorders,Minist Sci, Beijing 100069, Peoples R China [10]Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Affiliated Peoples Hosp 5, Chengdu Fifth Peoples Hosp, Clin Med Translat Res Inst,Geriatr Dis Inst Chengd, 33, Ma Shi St, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, Peoples R China
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It is known that infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is widely reported that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the highest risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and mortality. However, it remains largely unclear about the link between AD and COVID-19. ACE2 is an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. We consider that there may be a link between AD and COVID-19 through the expression of ACE2. Here, we summarize recent findings about the ACE2 expression especially in AD and COVID-19, and shows that (1) ACE2 shows mRNA and protein expression in human brain tissues, especially in neurons and non-neuron cells; (2) low ACE2 mRNA and protein expression are sufficient for SARS-CoV-2 entry into the human brain through the neural route (olfactory and/or vagal) and the hematogenous route; (3) SARS-CoV-2 RNA and protein were detected in brains of COVID-19 patients; (4) SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in human brain dependent on ACE2; (5) SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA load shows a positive association with ACE2 mRNA levels and COVID-19 severity; (6) ACE2 shows increased expression in AD compared with controls in human brain; (7) ACE2 shows increased expression in COVID-19 compared with controls in human brain; (8) ACE2 expression levels affect COVID-19 outcomes. Together, ACE2 shows significantly increased mRNA and protein expression in AD compared with controls in human brain. Consequently, the increased expression of ACE2 would facilitate infection with SARS-CoV-2, and play a role in the context of COVID-19. These findings suggest that the expression of ACE2 may partly explain the link of AD with COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and mortality.

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出版当年[2025]版:
大类 | 1 区 医学
小类 | 1 区 生化与分子生物学 1 区 神经科学 1 区 精神病学
最新[2025]版:
大类 | 1 区 医学
小类 | 1 区 生化与分子生物学 1 区 神经科学 1 区 精神病学
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出版当年[2023]版:
Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Q1 PSYCHIATRY
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Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Q1 PSYCHIATRY

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第一作者机构: [1]Capital Med Univ, Xuanwu Hosp, Dept Neurol, Beijing, Peoples R China [2]Capital Med Univ, Beijing Inst Brain Disorders, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Brain Disorders, Lab Brain Disorders,Minist Sci & Technol, Beijing 100069, Peoples R China
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通讯机构: [8]Shengli Oilfield Cent Hosp, Dongying Branch, Ctr Collaborat Innovat Ctr Brain Disorders, 31 Jinan Rd, Dongying 257034, Shandong, Peoples R China [9]Capital Med Univ, Xuanwu Hosp, Beijing Inst Brain Disorders, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Brain Disorders,Minist Sci, Beijing 100069, Peoples R China [10]Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Affiliated Peoples Hosp 5, Chengdu Fifth Peoples Hosp, Clin Med Translat Res Inst,Geriatr Dis Inst Chengd, 33, Ma Shi St, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, Peoples R China
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