机构：[1]Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.[2]The National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.[3]Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.[4]Center for Experimental Microsurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.[5]Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.[6]Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.[7]National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.[8]National Institute of Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.[9]Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.[10]Department of Neurology, Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand.[11]Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.[12]Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.[13]Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement, Aleta Wondo General Hospital, Aleta Wondo, Ethiopia.[14]Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[15]Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.[16]Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.[17]Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.[18]Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[19]Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria.[20]Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria.[21]Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria.[22]Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.[23]Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.[24]Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[25]Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.[26]Department of Nursing, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.[27]Medical Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.[28]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[29]College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee, Memphis.[30]Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria.[31]Department of Anatomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria.[32]School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[33]Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[34]Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.[35]Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.[36]Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.[37]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.[38]Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.[39]School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[40]Department of Medical Biochemistry, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.[41]School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.[42]Public Health Foundation of India, Gandhinagar, India.[43]Department of Neuroscience, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.[44]Department of Pharmacy Practice, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.[45]Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health (IDGPH), University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.[46]Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.[47]Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.[48]Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia.[49]Department of Cardiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.[50]School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla.[51]Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York.[52]Department of Research and Development, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.[53]Clinical Epidemiology Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), St Louis, Missouri.[54]Department of Community and Mental Health, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.[55]Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.[56]Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.[57]Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[58]School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[59]Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[60]Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[61]International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia.[62]Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.[63]Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.[64]Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.[65]Department of Emergency Medicine, Sana'a University, Sanaa, Yemen.[66]Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[67]Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.[68]Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.[69]Research, Policy, and Training Directorate, Jordan Center for Disease Control, Amman, Jordan.[70]Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.[71]Research Group in Health Economics, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.[72]Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia.[73]Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.[74]Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.[75]Department of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Sana'a, Yemen.[76]Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.[77]Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.[78]Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.[79]Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.[80]Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.[81]Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City.[82]Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.[83]Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.[84]Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.[85]Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.[86]Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.[87]Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.[88]Neurology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.[89]Department of Child Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland.[90]Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.[91]All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.[92]Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.[93]Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.[94]School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.[95]Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia.[96]School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines.[97]Inter-Agency Committee on Environmental Health, Department of Health Philippines, Manila, Philippines.[98]Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[99]College of Art and Science, Ottawa University, Surprise, Arizona.[100]School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe.[101]Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.[102]School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.[103]Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.[104]Division of Epidemiology, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia.[105]Department of Physiotherapy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.[106]Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.[107]Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.[108]Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[109]Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.[110]School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[111]Department of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.[112]Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.[113]University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.[114]Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.[115]Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.[116]Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.[117]Northumbria HealthCare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.[118]School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.[119]Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.[120]Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.[121]Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.[122]ASIDE Healthcare, Lewes, Delaware.[123]Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt.[124]Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.[125]Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.[126]Department of Biostatistics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.[127]School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.[128]School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.[129]International Medical School, Management and Science University, Alam, Malaysia.[130]Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.[131]College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[132]Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, Brazil.[133]Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.[134]Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.[135]Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.[136]Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.[137]Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.[138]Manna Institute, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.[139]Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.[140]School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.[141]Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.[142]T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.[143]Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.[144]School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[145]Center for Primary Care, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.[146]School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.[147]School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.[148]School of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.[149]Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.[150]Department of Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.[151]Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.[152]School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.[153]Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo.[154]Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.[155]Global Health Neurology Lab, NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[156]Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.[157]Department of General Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.[158]Department of Internal Medicine, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.[159]Department of Medical Lab Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.[160]Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.[161]Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.[162]Scientific-Tools.Org, Bergamo, Italy.[163]Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.[164]Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.[165]Department of Nursing, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[166]Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.[167]Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.[168]Internal Medicine Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[169]Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.[170]Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (German Research Center for Environmental Health), Neuherberg, Germany.[171]Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.[172]Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.[173]Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.[174]School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.[175]Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.[176]Department of Neurology, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil.[177]Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil.[178]Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.[179]Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.[180]Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.[181]Board of Directors, Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.[182]Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil.[183]Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE) at São José dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil.[184]Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.[185]Department of Health Management (Direzione Sanitaria), IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.[186]Interdisciplinary Research Center for Health Science, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.[187]Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.[188]Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud (National Institute of Health), Bogota, Colombia.[189]Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.[190]Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.[191]MultiMedica Sesto San Giovanni IRCCS, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy.[192]Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.[193]Public Health Unit, University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy.[194]Non-communicable Diseases Division, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.[195]Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India.[196]Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.[197]School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.[198]State Disease Investigation Laboratory, Animal Resources Development Department, Agartala, India.[199]Department of Clinical Nutrition, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.[200]Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.[201]Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[202]Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India.[203]Department of Biology, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[204]Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.[205]Department of Scientific Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[206]Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond.[207]Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India.[208]Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India.[209]School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.[210]Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[211]The Interdisciplinary Research Group on Biomedicine and Health, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Vietnam.[212]Faculty of Applied Sciences, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Vietnam.[213]Department of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom.[214]Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom.[215]Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.[216]Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.[217]School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.[218]Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[219]Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.[220]Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[221]Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.[222]Institute for Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.[223]Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia," University of Catania, Catania, Italy.[224]Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.[225]Health Research Institute, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.[226]Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.[227]Medical College, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.[228]School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.[229]Department of Research, State Cancerology Institute of Colima, IMSS-BIENESTAR, Colima, Mexico.[230]Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.[231]Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India.[232]Department of Pharmacy, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.[233]Pharmacology Division, Center for Life Sciences Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.[234]Research and Development Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.[235]Research Unit, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.[236]Department of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.[237]Department of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam.[238]Department of Epidemiology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.[239]Neurology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.[240]Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organisation, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.[241]Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston.[242]Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy.[243]Independent Consultant, South Plainfield, New Jersey.[244]Department of Cardiology, Hackettstown Medical Center, Hackettstown, New Jersey.[245]Newton Medical Center, Sparta, New Jersey.[246]Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.[247]Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Mangalore, India.[248]Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India.[249]Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.[250]School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[251]Department of Pediatric Nursing, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.[252]Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Indonesia Hospital, Depok, Indonesia.[253]Advanced Nursing Department, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia.[254]Neurology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.[255]Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.[256]Division of Cardiology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.[257]Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.[258]Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.[259]Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Dallas.[260]Department of Education, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.[261]Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.[262]Independent Consultant, Bologna, Italy.[263]Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.[264]Research Centre for Healthcare and Community, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.[265]Department of Oral Biology, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.[266]Director of the Scientific and Technological Park, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.[267]Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.[268]Department of Biology, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.[269]Department of Biology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.[270]Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.[271]Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Kupang, Indonesia.[272]Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.[273]Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.[274]Department of Pharmacy, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.[275]Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.[276]Department of Nursing, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.[277]Institute of Public Health, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.[278]Department of Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Ravenna, Italy.[279]Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.[280]Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.[281]Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.[282]Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia.[283]Neurosurgical Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.[284]Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India.[285]Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Churchill, Victoria, Australia.[286]Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.[287]Department of Midwifery, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.[288]Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.[289]Department of Reproductive and Family Health, Axum College of Health Science, Axum, Ethiopia.[290]College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.[291]Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[292]School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[293]Psychiatric Nursing and Management Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[294]Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.[295]Tropical Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.[296]Family and Community Medicine Department, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.[297]Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[298]Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.[299]Country Office, World Health Organization (WHO), Astana, Kazakhstan.[300]Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.[301]Third Department of Neurology, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.[302]Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran.[303]Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.[304]Department of Epidemiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.[305]Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.[306]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.[307]Department of Toxicology, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India.[308]Global Virus Network, Middle East Region, Shiraz, Iran.[309]Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[310]Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.[311]School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.[312]Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.[313]Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.[314]Stroke Research Centre, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.[315]Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.[316]Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.[317]Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.[318]Department of Mental Health, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain.[319]Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.[320]Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[321]Department of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, India.[322]Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[323]Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.[324]Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.[325]Skaane University Hospital, Skaane County Council, Malmö, Sweden.[326]UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.[327]Independent Consultant, Santa Clara, California.[328]Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.[329]Department of Medicine, MedStar Health, Washington DC.[330]Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington DC.[331]Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.[332]School of Dentistry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.[333]Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.[334]School of Computer Science, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.[335]Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[336]Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.[337]Department of Clinical Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania.[338]Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.[339]International Master Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.[340]Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan.[341]Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan.[342]Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.[343]International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.[344]Collaborative Alliance Research and Education (CARE) Programme, Episcope Research Service, Aberdeen, Scotland.[345]Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.[346]Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.[347]West Africa RCC, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.[348]Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.[349]Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.[350]Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.[351]School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.[352]Department of Clinical Pharmacy &[353]Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong, Malaysia.[354]Public Health Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.[355]Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.[356]Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.[357]Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.[358]Department of Physical and Medicine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.[359]Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Barcelona, Spain.[360]Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.[361]Department of Immunology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.[362]Department of Leukemia, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.[363]Department of Health and Safety, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.[364]The World Academy of Sciences UNESCO, Trieste, Italy.[365]Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China.[366]School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.[367]Department of Pharmacology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[368]Centre of Studies and Research, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman.[369]Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Paris, France.[370]Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.[371]Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.[372]Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.[373]Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India.[374]Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.[375]Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.[376]Department of Biostatistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.[377]Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.[378]Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.[379]Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[380]Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[381]Laboratory Science Department, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.[382]Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[383]School of Health Professions and Human Services, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York.[384]Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.[385]Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[386]Endocrine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[387]Department of Echocardiography, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[388]Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.[389]International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.[390]Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.[391]Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.[392]Department of Human Nutrition, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Jouy-en-Josas, France.[393]Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France.[394]Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.[395]Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.[396]Department of Physical Therapy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.[397]Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.[398]Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.[399]Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[400]Department of Biochemistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.[401]Department of Internal Medicine, Corewell Health East William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.[402]Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, Florida.[403]Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Busan, South Korea.[404]School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.[405]School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway.[406]Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.[407]Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.[408]Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.[409]Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.[410]Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[411]Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[412]Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.[413]Department of Epidemiology, IQVIA, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.[414]University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany.[415]Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.[416]Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.[417]Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.[418]Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.[419]Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.[420]Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.[421]Atchabarov Scientific-Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.[422]Center of Medicine and Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.[423]Section of Cardiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.[424]Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.[425]Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Indonesia.[426]Nursing School, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.[427]Department of Health Services Research and Management, City University of London, London, United Kingdom.[428]Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.[429]Clinical Research Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.[430]Heart Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.[431]Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.[432]Integrated Department of Epidemiology, Health Policy, Preventive Medicine and Pediatrics, Foundation for People-centric Health Systems, New Delhi, India.[433]Centre for Health: The Specialty Practice, New Delhi, India.[434]School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (University of Brunei Darussalam), Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.[435]Institute of Applied Data Analytics, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (University of Brunei Darussalam), Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.[436]Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.[437]Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.江苏省人民医院[438]Department of Physiotherapy, Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.[439]Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.[440]Centre for Family Welfare, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.[441]Department of Global Health and Health Security, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.[442]Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[443]Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.[444]Department of Cardiovascular Research, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, Indiana.[445]University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.[446]Department of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.[447]Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea.[448]Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.[449]Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.[450]Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.[451]UO Neurologia, Salute Pubblica e Disabilità(The Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute), Milan, Italy.[452]Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.[453]Department of Health Management Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.[454]International Centre for Future Health Systems, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[455]Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.[456]Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.[457]Department of Cardiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.[458]Department of Health Economics, Syreon Research Romania, Targu Mures, Romania.[459]Department of Doctoral Studies, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania.[460]Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.[461]School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.[462]Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.[463]Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.[464]Department of Chemistry, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.[465]Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.[466]Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[467]Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India.[468]Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.[469]Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.[470]Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.[471]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[472]School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy.[473]Laboratory of Public Health, Instituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS (Italian Auxological Institute), Milan, Italy.[474]Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.[475]Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.[476]Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Poli tècnica de Catalunya (Barcelona Tech - UPC), Barcelona, Spain.[477]Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milano, Italy.[478]Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[479]Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[480]Department of Non-communicable Diseases and Mental Health, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC.[481]Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga (University of Airlangga), Surabaya, Indonesia.[482]Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia.[483]Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Concepc ión, Concepc ión, Chile.[484]Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.[485]Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia.[486]Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.[487]Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.[488]Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.[489]Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India.[490]Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.[491]Digital Health and Informatics Directorate, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.[492]Department of Public Health, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.[493]Neurology Department, Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society, New Delhi, India.[494]Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India.[495]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.[496]Division of Forensic Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.[497]Department of Physiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[498]General Administration Department, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.[499]School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[500]University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia.[501]Department of Pharmacology, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.[502]Clinical Medicine Department, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.[503]Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.[504]Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Univerity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.[505]Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.[506]International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.[507]Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.[508]Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.[509]Internal Medicine Programme, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.[510]Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.[511]Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.[512]Social Determinants of Health Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.[513]Division of Cardiology, St Vincent College, Worcester, Massachusetts.[514]Center for Brain and Health, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.[515]College of Health Science, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somalia.[516]Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.[517]College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq.[518]School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[519]Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.[520]Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.[521]Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.[522]Department of Mathematics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.[523]Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.[524]AI & Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.[525]The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.[526]Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.[527]Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[528]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.[529]Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.[530]International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.[531]Department of Radiology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.[532]Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.[533]Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India.[534]Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India.[535]Department of Engineering, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[536]Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.[537]Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.[538]Department of Physiotherapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[539]Research Center for War-affected People, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[540]University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.[541]Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.[542]Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.[543]College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.[544]Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.[545]Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.[546]Department of Health Promotion, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.[547]Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.[548]Department of Cardiology, Cardio-Aid, Bucharest, Romania.[549]Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[550]Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.[551]Department of Neurosciences, Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.[552]Cardiovascular Laboratory, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, Merrillville, Indiana.[553]Department of Allergy, Immunology and Dermatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.[554]Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.[555]Institute for Research and Training in Medicine, Biology and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.[556]Cardiovascular Research Department, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, Illinois.[557]Department of Surgery, Danang Family Hospital, Danang, Vietnam.[558]Department of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.[559]International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.[560]Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[561]Departamento de Clínica Médica, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.[562]Global Research Institute, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.[563]Department of Global Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.[564]Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco.[565]Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.[566]School of Information, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley.[567]Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.[568]Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.[569]PSSM Data Sciences, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut.[570]Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.[571]Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.[572]University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[573]Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.[574]College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.[575]Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.[576]Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.[577]Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of S ã o Paulo, S ã o Paulo, Brazil.[578]Associa çã o Brasileira de Cefaleia em Salvas e Enxaqueca (ABRACES), São Paulo, Brazil.[579]Cardiology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[580]Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.[581]Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria.[582]Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.[583]Department of Neurology, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.[584]One Health Global Research Group, Universidad de las Americas (University of the Americas), Quito, Ecuador.[585]School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.[586]Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.[587]Faculty of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria.[588]Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria.[589]Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.[590]Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.[591]School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.[592]Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami.[593]Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India.[594]National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.[595]Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.[596]Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.[597]Board of Directors, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece.[598]School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.[599]First Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.[600]Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.[601]Department of Neurology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.[602]Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.[603]Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.[604]Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.[605]Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California.[606]Global Health Governance Programme, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.[607]School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.[608]Department of Neurology and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.[609]Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.[610]Clinical Research Department, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.[611]School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York.[612]School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.[613]Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.[614]Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.[615]Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy.[616]Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.[617]Facultad de Medicina (Faculty of Medicine), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile.[618]School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.[619]School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.[620]Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.[621]Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.[622]Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.[623]Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.[624]University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.[625]Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia.[626]Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India.[627]Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.[628]Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.[629]Cihan University-Sulaimaniya Research Center, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.[630]Department of Cardiology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, China.[631]Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Alnoor University, Mousl, Iraq.[632]Al-Noor Center of Research and Innovation, Alnoor University, Mousl, Iraq.[633]Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.[634]Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia.[635]Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan.[636]Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[637]Department of Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital, Chennai, India.[638]Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.[639]Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.[640]Department of Cardiology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.[641]Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.[642]School of Nursing & Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.[643]Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.[644]Health Economics and Outcomes Research Department, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts.[645]Department of Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston.[646]Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.[647]Department of Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran.[648]Department of Family Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.[649]Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.[650]Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.[651]Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt.[652]Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt.[653]Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[654]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.[655]Community Health Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.[656]Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.[657]Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.[658]Department of Clinical Research, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.[659]Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.[660]Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.[661]Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Cuore Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Catholic University of Sacred Heart), Rome, Italy.[662]Department of Analytical and Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.[663]RUSA Centre of Excellence in Public Policy and Governance, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.[664]Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.[665]Department of Labour, Directorate of Factories, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India.[666]Cardiovascular Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.[667]Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.[668]Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.[669]Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[670]Department of Neurology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.[671]College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.[672]School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[673]Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.[674]Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[675]Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[676]Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.[677]Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.[678]Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.[679]Department of Analytical & Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.[680]Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.[681]Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vi tória, Brazil.[682]Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.[683]Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.[684]Benang Merah Research Center (BMRC), Minahasa Utara, Indonesia.[685]Department of Anatomy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.[686]Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.[687]Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.[688]School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.[689]Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.[690]Department of Food Processing Technology, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Malda, India.[691]Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.[692]Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.[693]Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.[694]UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.[695]Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India.[696]Dobney Hypertension Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.[697]Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[698]Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil.[699]Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.[700]Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.[701]Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[702]Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India.[703]Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[704]Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.[705]Department of Medicine and Surgery, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India.[706]National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.[707]Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.[708]Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[709]Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.[710]Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan.[711]Department of Neuro-Physiotherapy, Independent Consultant, Thane, India.[712]Centre For Interdisciplinary Research In Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.[713]Science Department, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.[714]College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.[715]Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Noida, India.[716]Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria.[717]Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.[718]Department of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.[719]Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.[720]Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.[721]K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, India.[722]Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.[723]National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.[724]Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria.[725]Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.[726]Martti Ahtisaari Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.[727]Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.[728]Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.[729]Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.[730]Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.[731]Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands.[732]Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.[733]Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.[734]Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.[735]Department of Health Education and Promotion, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.[736]Department of Systemic Pathology, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, New York.[737]Department of Pathology, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Saint Martin.[738]Department of Biochemistry, American University of Integrative Sciences, Bridgetown, Barbados.[739]Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.[740]School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.[741]3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.[742]Department of Pharmacology, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.[743]Department of Public Health, Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan.[744]Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia.[745]Department of Internal Disease, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.[746]Institute of Integrated Intelligence and Systems, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.[747]Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.[748]Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUXMED Group, Warsaw, Poland.[749]Collegium Medicul, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.[750]Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (NSI), Lugano, Switzerland.[751]Department of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.[752]Clinial Research Development Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.[753]Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.[754]Department of Internal Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.[755]Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.[756]Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India.[757]Department of Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.[758]Department of Epidemiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.[759]Department of Medicine, Northlands Medical Group, Omuthiya, Namibia.[760]Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.[761]Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[762]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco.[763]School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India.[764]Public Health Department, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India.[765]Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.[766]Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.[767]Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sam Ratulangi (Sam Ratulangi University), Manado, Indonesia.[768]Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.[769]Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.[770]Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, Poland.[771]School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis.[772]Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.[773]Department of Business Analytics, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth.[774]Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.[775]Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.[776]Faculty of Medicine, Nam Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam.[777]School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.[778]Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.[779]Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.[780]Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.[781]Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.[782]Department of Informatics and Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.[783]College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain.[784]Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.[785]College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.[786]UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.[787]Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.[788]Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.[789]Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.[790]Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.[791]Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid (European University of Madrid), Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.[792]Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.[793]Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Moscow, Russia.[794]Department of Information Technologies and Management, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.[795]School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.[796]NUST School of Health Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.[797]Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkiye.[798]Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.[799]Department of Psychiatry, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.[800]School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.[801]Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.[802]Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Economics, Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.[803]Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.[804]National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[805]NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital and Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.[806]Emergency medicine and critical care nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.[807]School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.[808]Department of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.[809]Department of Endocrinology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.[810]School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.[811]Cardiovascular Program, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[812]Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.[813]Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.[814]Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.[815]Department of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.[816]Department of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.[817]Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.[818]The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.[819]National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.[820]The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[821]Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.[822]Department of Biostatistics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.[823]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.[824]Sant'Elia Hospital, University of Catania, Caltanissetta, Italy.[825]Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran.[826]Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco.[827]Department of Administration, PGxAI, San Francisco, California.[828]Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China.神经科系统神经内科首都医科大学宣武医院[829]Department of Neurology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China.[830]School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.[831]Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.[832]School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.[833]Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China.[834]College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China.[835]School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.[836]Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle.[837]Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.[838]Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.[839]Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle.
Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure.To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH.Based on the repeated cross-sectional Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, the global burden of SAH in 1990 to 2021 was estimated. Moreover, the SAH burden was compared with other diseases, and its associations with 14 individual risk factors were investigated with available data in the GBD 2021 study. The GBD study included the burden estimates of nontraumatic SAH among all ages in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021.SAH and 14 modifiable risk factors.Absolute numbers and age-standardized rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of SAH incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as well as risk factor-specific population attributable fractions (PAFs).In 2021, the global age-standardized SAH incidence was 8.3 (95% UI, 7.3-9.5), prevalence was 92.2 (95% UI, 84.1-100.6), mortality was 4.2 (95% UI, 3.7-4.8), and DALY rate was 125.2 (95% UI, 110.5-142.6) per 100 000 people. The highest burden estimates were found in Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania, and high-income Asia Pacific. Although the absolute number of SAH cases increased, especially in regions with a low sociodemographic index, all age-standardized burden rates decreased between 1990 and 2021: the incidence by 28.8% (95% UI, 25.7%-31.6%), prevalence by 16.1% (95% UI, 14.8%-17.7%), mortality by 56.1% (95% UI, 40.7%-64.3%), and DALY rate by 54.6% (95% UI, 42.8%-61.9%). Of 300 diseases, SAH ranked as the 36th most common cause of death and 59th most common cause of DALY in the world. Of all worldwide SAH-related DALYs, 71.6% (95% UI, 63.8%-78.6%) were associated with the 14 modeled risk factors of which high systolic blood pressure (population attributable fraction [PAF] = 51.6%; 95% UI, 38.0%-62.6%) and smoking (PAF = 14.4%; 95% UI, 12.4%-16.5%) had the highest attribution.Although the global age-standardized burden rates of SAH more than halved over the last 3 decades, SAH remained one of the most common cardiovascular and neurological causes of death and disabilities in the world, with increasing absolute case numbers. These findings suggest evidence for the potential health benefits of proactive public health planning and resource allocation toward the prevention of SAH.
基金：
The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
语种：
外文
PubmedID：
中科院(CAS)分区：
出版当年[2025]版：
大类|1 区医学
小类|1 区临床神经病学
最新[2025]版：
大类|1 区医学
小类|1 区临床神经病学
第一作者：
第一作者机构：[1]Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.[2]The National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Rautalin Ilari,Volovici Victor,Stark Benjamin A,et al.Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021[J].JAMA Neurology.2025,doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.1522.
APA：
Rautalin Ilari,Volovici Victor,Stark Benjamin A,Johnson Catherine O,Kaprio Jaakko...&Feigin Valery L.(2025).Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.JAMA Neurology,,
MLA：
Rautalin Ilari,et al."Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021".JAMA Neurology .(2025)
医学