Adropin is a recently identified bioactive protein that promotes energy homeostasis by affecting glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, adropin has also been reported to be associated with endothelial dysfunction. Also, ET-1, as a biomarker for endothelial dysfunction, is a key regulator in hypertension. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to detect the relationship between plasma adropin and ET-1 levels in hypertension.A total of 123 participants, diagnosed with primary hypertension on the basis of World Health Organization criteria (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90mmHg), and 58 normotensive subjects were enrolled in the cross-sectional study from October 2011 to December 2013. All study participants were older than 18 years of age. Adropin and ET-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).We found that plasma adropin levels were significantly lower in hypertensives compared with controls (3.181.00 vs 4.21 +/- 1.14ng/mL, P<0.001). Plasma ET-1 levels were higher in hypertensives than controls (2.60 +/- 1.14 vs 1.54 +/- 0.66pg/mL, P<0.001). Adropin had a negative correlation with DBP (r=-0.40, P<0.001), SBP (r=-0.49, P<0.001), and adjusted for age, body mass index, SBP, DBP, glucose, TC, TG, LDL, and Cr, there was a negative correlation between ET-1 and adropin (r=-0.20, P=0.04). In multivariate logistic regression analysis of the variables, ET-1 (odds ratio [OR], 3.84; 95% CI, 2.16-6.81; P<0.001) and adropin (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99 -1.0; P<0.001) were found to be independent predictors for hypertension.In conclusion, decreased plasma adropin levels are associated with increased blood pressure in hypertension. Adropin is an independent predictor for hypertension, and may influence blood pressure by protecting endothelial function.