Background: With the rapid growth worldwide in cell-phone use, Internet connectivity, and digital health technology, mobile health (mHealth) technology may offer a promising approach to bridge evidence-treatment gaps in stroke prevention. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mHealth for stroke risk factor control through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed from January 1, 2000 to May 17, 2016 using the following keywords: mobile health, mHealth, short message, cellular phone, mobile phone, stroke prevention and control, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking cessation. We performed a meta-analysis of all eligible randomized control clinical trials that assessed a sustained (at least 6 months) effect of mHealth. Results: Of 78 articles identified, 13 met eligibility criteria (6 for glycemic control and 7 for smoking cessation) and were included for the final meta-analysis. There were no eligible studies for dyslipidemia or hypertension. mHealth resulted in greater Hemoglobin A1c reduction at 6 months (6 studies; 663 subjects; SMD: -0.44; 95% CI: [-0.82, -0.06], P = 0.02; Mean difference of decrease in HbA1c: -0.39%; 95% CI: [-0.74, -0.04], P = 0.03). mHealth also lead to relatively higher smoking abstinence rates at 6 months (7 studies; 9514 subjects; OR: 1.54; 95% CI: [1.24,1.90], P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis supports that use of mHealth improves glycemic control and smoking abstinence rates. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.