The Special Issue of Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology focuses on the development of neuroimaging markers for early diagnosis of neurological disorders. The goal is to provide an overview to the current state-of-the-art advances in disease diagnosis using multi-modal neuroimaging techniques and promote further discussion of applying the imaging technologies in future clinical medicine. Tan and colleagues explored the alterations of regional synchronization in infantile spasm patients during resting state through regional homogeneity analysis. Liu and colleagues assessed the acupuncture effect on the human brain. He applied fMRI to observe the cerebral activation effects of acupuncture at the Zusanli and Yanglingquan points. Gong and colleagues examined the potential of heart rate variability (HRV), which is a 2D neuroimaging signal, as an efficient tool for predicting the onset of epilepsy in children. The results from this study demonstrated the changes of HRV for the children with refractory epilepsy. Chen and colleagues investigated the basal vein in posterior incisural space, and performed anatomical comparison based on autopsy, venous phases of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and CTV. Wang and colleagues investigated distinctive patterns of functional connectivity in each subregion of amygdale in AD.