机构：[1]Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany[2]Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada[3]The Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA[4]Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands[5]Xuanwu Hospital of Capitol of Medical University, Beijing, China首都医科大学宣武医院[6]Hopital De La Salpetriere, Paris, France[7]Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA[8]Neuroscience Research Australia & University of NSW, Randwick, Australia[9]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada[10]Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada[11]Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA[12]Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut, USA[13]University of Navarra-FIMA, Pamplona, Spain[14]Department of Neurology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany[15]Department of Neurology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA[16]Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria[17]Penn Neurological Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[18]Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
This article describes research criteria and probability methodology for the diagnosis of prodromal PD. Prodromal disease refers to the stage wherein early symptoms or signs of PD neurodegeneration are present, but classic clinical diagnosis based on fully evolved motor parkinsonism is not yet possible. Given the lack of clear neuroprotective/disease-modifying therapy for prodromal PD, these criteria were developed for research purposes only. The criteria are based upon the likelihood of prodromal disease being present with probable prodromal PD defined as 80% certainty. Certainty estimates rely upon calculation of an individual's risk of having prodromal PD, using a Bayesian naive classifier. In this methodology, a previous probability of prodromal disease is delineated based upon age. Then, the probability of prodromal PD is calculated by adding diagnostic information, expressed as likelihood ratios. This diagnostic information combines estimates of background risk (from environmental risk factors and genetic findings) and results of diagnostic marker testing. In order to be included, diagnostic markers had to have prospective evidence documenting ability to predict clinical PD. They include motor and nonmotor clinical symptoms, clinical signs, and ancillary diagnostic tests. These criteria represent a first step in the formal delineation of early stages of PD and will require constant updating as more information becomes available. (c) 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
第一作者机构：[1]Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany[*2]Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, Hoppe, Seyler-Straβe 3, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
共同第一作者：
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[*1]Department of Neurology,L7-305 Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G1A4[*2]Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, Hoppe, Seyler-Straβe 3, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Daniela Berg ,Ronald B. Postuma ,Charles H. Adler ,et al.MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease[J].MOVEMENT DISORDERS.2015,30(12):1600-1609.doi:10.1002/mds.26431.
APA：
Daniela Berg,,Ronald B. Postuma,,Charles H. Adler,,Bastiaan R. Bloem,,Piu Chan,...&G€unther Deuschl.(2015).MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease.MOVEMENT DISORDERS,30,(12)
MLA：
Daniela Berg,,et al."MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease".MOVEMENT DISORDERS 30..12(2015):1600-1609
医学