Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results from decreases in insulin secretion or resistance to its effects. It is a chronic disease that has no cure and leads to an increasing risk for a number of serious, sometimes life-threatening complications. These include heart disease and stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, nervous system disease and amputations. Today, due to the changes in diet and the environment, diabetes affects a large population. According to the estimates made by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009, about 220 million people had diabetes. In the United States, diabetes affects 8% of the population and cost $174 billion in 2007, of which 67% was devoted to medical expenditures[1]. It is therefore clear that the study of the molecular pathology of diabetes, the development of early diagnostic assays and the search for possible cures constitute important healthcare priorities. ? Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.