机构：[1]Department of Algology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China[2]Department of Algology, "e Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China[3]Department of Algology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China[4]Pain Research Center, Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China[5]Department of Algology Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, "e Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China[6]Department of Algology, "e First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China[7]Department of Algology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China[8]Department of Algology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China[9]Department of Algology, "e First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China[10]Department of Algology, "e "ird Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China[11]Department of Algology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China[12]Department of Algology, "e Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China[13]Department of Spinal Surgery, General Hospital of Armed Police Force, Beijing, China[14]Department of Algology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China首都医科大学附属天坛医院
Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is defined as pain or discomfort originating from the waist, which lasts for at least 12 weeks, but no radiculopathy or specific spinal diseases. CNLBP is a complicated medical problem and places a huge burden on healthcare systems. Clinical manifestation of CNLBP includes discogenic LBP, zygapophyseal joint pain, sacroiliac joint pain, and lumbar muscle strain. Further evaluation should be completed to confirm the diagnosis including auxiliary examination, functional assessment, and clinical assessment. The principle of the management is to relieve pain, restore function, and avoid recurrence. Treatment includes conservative treatment, minimally invasive treatment, and rehabilitation. Pharmacologic therapy is the first-line treatment of nonspecific LBP, and it is most widely used in clinical practice. Interventional therapy should be considered only after failure of medication and physical therapy. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation can improve physical function and alleviate short-term and long-term pain. The emphasis should be put on the prevention of NLBP and reducing relevant risk factors.
第一作者机构：[1]Department of Algology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[1]Department of Algology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China[13]Department of Spinal Surgery, General Hospital of Armed Police Force, Beijing, China[14]Department of Algology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Ma Ke,Zhuang Zhi-Gang,Wang Lin,et al.The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP): Consensus on the Assessment and Management of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain[J].PAIN RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT.2019,2019:-.doi:10.1155/2019/8957847.
APA：
Ma, Ke,Zhuang, Zhi-Gang,Wang, Lin,Liu, Xian-Guo,Lu, Li-Juan...&Liu, Yan-Qing.(2019).The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP): Consensus on the Assessment and Management of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain.PAIN RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT,2019,
MLA：
Ma, Ke,et al."The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP): Consensus on the Assessment and Management of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain".PAIN RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT 2019.(2019):-
