机构：[1]Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China[2]Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China临床科室耳鼻咽喉头颈外科首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院[3]Prediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children’s Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China临床科室重症医学科首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院[4]National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China[5]Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China[6]Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China[7]Pneumology department, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital, Nanchang, China[8]Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China中国医科大学盛京医院[9]Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China职能科室临床流行病与循证医学中心首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院[10]Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China[11]Digestive Department, Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China[12]Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital of Xi ‘an, Xi’an, China[13]Infection Control Office, Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China[14]Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Fuyang City, Fuyang, China[15]Department of Pediatrics, People’s Hospital of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng, China[16]Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China[17]Department of Pediatrics, Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen, China[18]Pneumology Department, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China[19]Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China[20]Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China[21]Prediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China[22]Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China儿科（小儿内科）其他科室小儿急诊急救内科（PICU）重症监护病房中国医科大学盛京医院[23]Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China[24]Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China[25]Pneumology Department, Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Baoding, China临床科室呼吸科首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院[26]Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China[27]Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China[28]Department of Pediatrics, Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in childhood caused by an enterovirus (EV), and which is principally seen in children under 5 years of age. To promote diagnostic awareness and effective treatments, to further standardize and strengthen the clinical management and to reduce the mortality of HFMD, the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment have been developed. Methods National Health Commission of China assembled an expert committee for a revision of the guidelines. The committee included 33 members who are specialized in diagnosis and treatment of HFMD. Results Early recognition of severe cases is utmost important in diagnosis and treatment of patients with HFMD. The key to diagnosis and treatment of severe cases lies in the timely and accurate recognition of stages 2 and 3 of HFMD, in order to stop progression to stage 4. Clinicians should particularly pay attention to those EV-A71 cases in children aged less than 3 years, and those with disease duration less than 3 days. The following indicators should alert the clinician of possible deterioration and impending critical disease: (1) persistent hyperthermia; (2) involvement of nervous system; (3) worsening respiratory rate and rhythm; (4) circulatory dysfunction; (5) elevated peripheral WBC count; (6) elevated blood glucose and (7) elevated blood lactic acid. For treatment, most mild cases can be treated as outpatients. Patients should be isolated to avoid cross-infection. Intense treatment modalities should be given for those severe cases. Conclusion The guidelines can provide systematic guidance on the diagnosis and management of HFMD.
基金：
National Clinical Key Department of Infectious Diseases; Key Medical Specialty Program of Sailing Plans organized by Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals [ZYLX201602]
第一作者机构：[1]Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[2]Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Xing-Wang Li,Xin Ni,Su-Yun Qian,et al.Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease (2018 edition)[J].WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS.2018,14(5):437-447.doi:10.1007/s12519-018-0189-8.
APA：
Xing-Wang Li,Xin Ni,Su-Yun Qian,Quan Wang,Rong-Meng Jiang...&Tao Yang.(2018).Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease (2018 edition).WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS,14,(5)
MLA：
Xing-Wang Li,et al."Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease (2018 edition)".WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 14..5(2018):437-447
