BackgroundNocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common pediatric developmental disorder. Desmopressin is frequently used for NE and is an evidence-based therapy. Suoquan capsule is a Chinese medicine commonly used for treating NE in children but is poorly understood by most scholars. MethodsA total of 369 children with NE were randomized to receive either suoquan, desmopressin plus suoquan, desmopressin, or behavioral intervention for 2months, and the response rates evaluated. Subsequently, the viable demographic factors that could lead to success were investigated on logistic regression analysis. Moreover, after 3months of follow up, the relapse rate was investigated. ResultsThe complete response (CR) rate in the desmopressin plus suoquan group (37.5%) was higher than that in the behavioral intervention group (6.3%, P<0.007). The desmopressin group had a lower CR rate (22.5%) and a higher non-response rate (25.0%) than the desmopressin plus suoquan group (non-response rate, 21.9%; P>0.007). The relapse rate in the desmopressin group was significantly higher than that in the desmopressin plus suoquan group (72.2% vs. 30.6%, P<0.007). On Multivariate analysis, treatment group, NE frequency, and age were independent predictors of CR at 2months (P<0.05). ConclusionsCombined traditional Chinese and Western treatment in children with NE is effective and has a low relapse rate. NE frequency, treatment method, and age are important predictive factors for CR after treatment.