This study aims to study the impact of dexmedetomidine on the deformability of erythrocyte in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 40 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups: Dexmedetomidine group (0.5μg/kg loading within 10 min and 0.5μg·kg-1·h-1maintenance to the end of pneumoperitoneum, n=20, Group A) and control group (normal saline at the identical, n=20, Group B). The induction and maintenance of anesthesia of two groups were identical. Erythrocyte deformability index (EI) and haematocrit (Hct) were assayed before anesthesia and after the operation. Operation time, intraoperation blood loss and the amount of anesthetics were measured respectively. Compared with T0 (0.81±0.06), EI was significantly increased at T1 in-group B (P<0.05); Compared with T0 (0.82±0.07), EI was increased at T1 in-group A, but it showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with group B (1051±219) μg, (628±97) mg, the consumption of remifentanil and propofol were significantly reduced in-group A (874±167) μg, (410±77) mg (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine can improve the deformability of erythrocyte of postoperative and reduce the amount of anesthetics.