Objective: To explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and the different types of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: Two hundred and eighty-five hospitalized patients with AF patients were enrolled. Patients were divided into five groups: Group 1, the initial-AF; Group 2, the paroxysmal-AF; Group 3, the persistent-AF; Group 4, the long-term persistent-AF; and Group 5, the permanent-AF. Patients in the first 3 groups were reclassified into the short-AF category and patients in the last 2 groups were reclassified into the long-AF category. All patients took the examination of 13C urea breath test, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and left atrial diameter (LAD), etc. tests and examinations. We analyzed the difference of these factors in all types of AF and explored the correlation between Hp infection and AF using logistic regression analysis. Results: The Hp value and the hs-CRP level in patients with permanent AF were higher than those in the initial-AF, the paroxysmal-AF, and the persistent-AF groups (For Hp value: P=0.005, 0.012, and 0.038; for hs-CRP level: P=0.000, 0.025, and 0.006, respectively). The LAD of patients in the permanent-AF group was significantly larger than those in the other four groups (P=0.001, 0.010, 0.014, and 0.034, respectively). The values of Hp, hs-CRP, and LAD in the long-AF category were significantly higher than those in the short-AF category (all P<0.05). After controlling the potential confounders, Hp value ≥4‰, hs-CRP>5mg/L, and LAD>36mm were significantly related to long AF. Conclusion: The values of Hp in patients with long-term persistent or with permanent AF were significantly higher than those in patient with initial, paroxysmal or persistent AF. Hp δ value≥4‰ is an independent predictor for long AF.