The experiment was performed in Bayi Children's Hospital, General Hospital of Beijing Military Area-Command of Chinese PLA from October to December 2007. Lung tissues of fetal rats of SD gestation rats for 19 days were cultured primarily and purified by culture flasks coated with rat IgG. Cell viability was detected at 24, 48 and 72 hours of culture. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II) were identified of confocal microscopy and electron microscope. On every time point, the viability of AEC II was above 90%, and the purity was above 91%. The cells had plenty of lamellar bodies in cytoplasm and many microvilli on cell surface; there was green fluorescence expression of SP-C in cytoplasm. The viability and purity of AEC II obtained by digestion of trypsin and collagenase and by screening with culture flasks coated with rat IgG is higher. Therefore, this method can serve as a routine method of primary culture of AEC II. Both electron microscope and immunofluorescence can identify the cells.