Objective: Poor compliance with evidence-based-medicine guidelines could significantly influence the effect of stroke prevention strategies. The objectives of this survey are to investigate the current status in Beijing of cerebral infarction/TIA(transient ischemic attack) inpatients' adherence to the evidence-based- medicine secondary prevention and behavior modifications both at the discharge and at 90-day follow up. Methods: The survey included cerebral infarction/ TIA patients successively admitted from 1, Oct 2006 to 1, May 2007, used ACEI/ARB, Statin, anti-platelet agents therapy, accepted carotid endarterctomy or angioplasty or stent, and modified behaviors to stop smoking and control weight. Data of patients during hospitalization were obtained from the medical documents in the inpatient department of 7 centers. The detailed information included the medicine therapy, lifestyle modifications, patients' social demographic background (age, sex, education and way of payment), major risk factors for stroke, and ischemic event subtypes (TIA or cerebral infarction). Above information of part of patients were collected through telephone interview at 90- day follow-up if the patients were not able to visit the clinic. Results: 708 cerebral infarction/TIA inpatients who didn't have contraindications were included. Among them, the patents who haven't used anti-platelet agents, nor taken statin, nor accepted ACEI/ARB were about 0.4%, 41.8% and 63.6% respectively. Neither 27% of the patients have accepted the instructions on stop smoking. While about 588 patients suitable to drug therapy were followed up at 90 days, but the percentage of these patients who haven't compliance on anti-platelet agents, statin, ACEI/ARB was 26.9%, 52.6% and 59.4% respectively. Only 66.9% of the smoking patients have received the doctor instructions on smoking cessation. Conclusion: Stroke recurrence rate in China is higher than that of average figures in western countries. One of the key reasons of high recurrence of stroke in China is the poor adherence to stroke secondary prevention guidelines. Thus, investigate current status of secondary prevention among hospitals in capital of China and promote strategies to enhance the adherence to the guidelines and fill the gap between the clinical practice and evidence-based medicine in China, which is able to lower the stroke recurrence and save lives are urgently needed. Physician should take great care of the patient's compliances on the evidenced-based- medicine secondary prevents and behavior modifications, and take effective measures to improve the compliances.