Objective: To explore the feature and the optimal treatment of kidney stones in children associated with infant formula which had been adulterated with melamine. Method: Total of 47 cases of urinary stone and 31 cases of acute renal failure caused by urinary multiple obstruction in children associated with infant formula which had been adulterated with melamine in Beijing Children's Hospital University of Medical Science,form January to November,2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Infant formula which had been adulterated with melamine may lead to kindey stones in 15 days. The mean age was 11-month and the ratio of male to female was 2.6:1. The kindey stones were usually multiple and mostly located either in the ureteropelvic junction or all through the ureter. In the view of the renal function resuming duration, there was no statistic difference among the acute renal failure group,operation group and the conservative group (P = 0.683 - 0.846). In children with urinary obstruction and acute renal failure, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis was performed. 83.9% were relieved by posting catheter through panedoscope and blood purification. 100% of the patients resumed normal renal function. 81.3% of the patients without acute renal failure had recovered after conservative therapies such as infusion. Conclusions: The patients associated with infant formula which had been adulterated with melamine were usually little infants. Male were more vulnerable than female. Most of them had recovered smoothly and the renal function resumed normal after efficient therapies.