To supply the far-lateral transcondylar approach with some basic microsurgical anatomy and to protect vital structure. We examined 10 cadveric adult heads and 10 dry skulls. Mastoid process, jugular fossa, and occipital condyle were important signs. Inferior occipital triangle was formed by muscle rectus capitis posterior major, muscle oblique capitis superior, and muscle oblique capitus inferior, the important mark for distinguishing vertebral artery. Abdundant venous plexus around vertebral artery was the important bleeding source during operation. The aforementioned anatomic landmarks assist in localization, protection of vital structures.