Background. Thoracic aortic false aneurysm is unusual and experience with endovascular repair is limited. We evaluate the efficacy of endovascular repair in patients with thoracic aortic false aneurysms. Methods. The early and midterm outcomes of endovascular repair in 102 patients with thoracic aortic false aneurysms were analyzed. Results. There were 80 men and 22 women (age 54.9 +/- 13.7 years). Emergent or urgent endovascular repair was done in 19 cases (18.6%) and elective in 83 (81.4%). Procedure was successful in 99.0%. Early death occurred in 4 patients (3.9%). No early death occurred in elective patients. Early complications occurred in 7 patients (6.9%). Follow-up was complete in 100% for 24.0 +/- 18.5 months (range, 1.5 to 67.3). Fourteen late deaths occurred (13.7%). Late events occurred in 9 patients (8.8%). Survival at 6 month, 1 year and 3 years was 90.7%, 86.7% and 84.5%, respectively. Conclusions. Satisfactory early and midterm outcomes have been achieved with endovascular repair in this series. Although emergent or urgent patients had higher rates of early mortality and morbidity, the majority of them achieved stable late survival as long as they survived at least 6 months. These results argue favorably for use of endovascular repair in the management of patients with thoracic aortic false aneurysms. (C) 2016 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons