Background: Despite the public health burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its complications in China, there is no literature on AF among Chinese living in Europe. The present study was performed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for AF in Chinese first generation migrants settled in Europe. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in 2014 on Chinese first generation migrants aged 16 to 59 years settled in Prato (Italy) adopting principles of community based participatory research. All participants underwent recording of 30 s of a single-channel ECG and associations of AF with socio-demographic, anthropometric, clinical factors, and sleep history were examined using logistic regression. Results: Of the 1608 participants, 12 had AF (0.75%; 95% CI 0.33 to 1.17) - four men and eight women. All subjects with AF had a CHA(2)DS(2)VASc index >= 1. Although no participant with AF had contraindications to oral anticoagulation, none was treated with oral anticoagulants. At multivariable adjusted logistic regression AF was associated with hypertension with an OR of 4.40 (95% CI 1.09-17.81; p = 0.038). Conclusions: Chinese are one of the fastest growing migrant populations in Europe and their health has become a key issue to host nations. The issue of AF is to be considered in future prevention programs for elusive ethnic minorities and adequately powered trials specifically designed to investigate AF prevalence and to test prevention approaches are now needed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.