Objective To assess the diagnostic value of 18 F-fluoro-deoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) dual-headed coincidence imaging (DHCI) combined with serum tumor marker assays in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods Seventy-se-ven patients with pathologically proved lung cancer received 18 F-FDG DHCI examination and serum assays of CEA,CA 199,CA125 and CA153.Serum tumor marker assays were also conducted in 45 cases of benign lung diseases and 49 cases of healthy controls. Results There were significant differences in serum tumor marker levels among the lung cancer patients,lung benign disease patients and the controls (P<0.05).The positive rate of 18 F-FDG DHCI in lung cancer was 85.7%,while the positive rates of CEA,CA125,CA153 and CA199 in lung cancer were 39.0%,24.7%,9.1% and 16.9%,respectively.The sensitivity of 4 tumor marker combined with DHCI was 92.2%. Conclusion The combination with serum tumor markers can increase the sensitivity of 18 F-FDG DHCI in diagnosis of lung cancer. © 2017, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University.. All right reserved.