Objectives: To screen the high-risk population of stroke in China using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and to establish a stroke risk prediction model in Chinese population in order to prevent and treat stroke early. Methods: Forty-one base hospitals and 715 286 people in the project areas of the first 6 provinces of China conducted routine physical examinations and investigated the related risk factors for cardiocerebrovascular diseases from July 2011 to April 2012 using a cross-sectional study, among them 61 860 patients underwent carotid CDFI screening, and 49 386 of them were high-risk population (exposed to ≥3 risk factors). The bilateral common carotid interma-media thickness (IMT), the number of plaques and the degree of carotid stenosis were screened and documented. And whether carotid IMT thickening or not, with or without carotid plaques, and degree of carotid artery stenotic rate 0-49% and ≥50% were performed by multivariate logistic regression analysis with the risk factors for stroke, respectively. Results: (1) Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and lack of physical exercise were the independent risk factors for carotid IMT thickening (hypertension: OR, 1.17; 95% CI 1.12-1.22; atrial fibrillation: OR, 1.15;95% CT 1.09-1.21; smoking: OR, 1.13;95% CT 1.08 - 1.17; and lack of physical exercise: OR, 1.12; 95% CT 1.08-1.16). (2) Hypertension, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and diabetes were the independent risk factors for carotid plaque and carotid artery stenosis rate ≥ 50% (carotid plaque, hypertension; OR, 1.55; 95% CI 1.47 - 1.62; atrial fibrillation: OR, 1.13; 95% CI 1.06-1.21; smoking: OR, 1.16; 95% CI 1.11-1.22; and diabetes; OR, 1.30; 95% CT 1.24-1.37). Carotid stenosis rate 3=50%, hypertension: OR, 1.78;95% CT 1.55-2.03; atrial fibrillation: OR, 1.59;95% CT 1.39 - 1.81;smoking: OR, 1.33;95%CI 1.20-1.48;and diabetes: OR, 1.30;95% CT 1.17-1.45. Simple obesity did not increase the incidences of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and carotid artery stenosis 3:50% (OR, 0.78, 0.83;95% CI 0.75-0.82, 0.75-0.92, respectively). Conclusions Neck vascular ultrasound can be used as a valuable means for screening high-risk population and detecting risk factors of stroke. It has an important clinical significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of carotid atherosclerosis disease.