Aim: To evaluate the appropriate dose of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in regulating the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and its effect on the growth of smooth muscle cells on the biodegradable materials. Methods: The experiment was performed in the surgical lab of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences from May to December 2005. The third passage of smooth muscle cells cultured from canine aorta was used as samples. 1 Samples were divided into 50 μg/L, 25 μg/L, 10 μg/L, 5 μg/L, 3 μg/L, 1 μg/L bFGF groups, normal control group (smooth muscle cells were cultured in DMEM medium containing fetal bovine serum of 0.2 volume fraction), and blank control group. MTT assay was performed to measure absorbance (A) and calculate relative growth rate (RGR) after 24, 48 hours and 4 days [RGR = (value of experiment group - value of blank control group)/(value of normal control group - value of blank control group) × 100%]. The proliferation of smooth muscle cells was compared among the different groups. 2 SMC was cultured on biodegradable materials with 3 μg/L bFGF as experimental group, and normal DMEM was used in the control group. After 24, 48 hours and 4 days, MTT was used to assay the A value and compared between the experimental and control groups. Results: 1 RGR in each group was increased with the culture time. When the concentration of bFGF was less than 10 μg/L, RGR reached to the peak at 48 hours, and then decreased gradually. 2 RGR of smooth muscle cells cultured on the biodegradable materials with 3 μg/L bFGF was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: bFGF can stimulate the proliferation of SMC, and its appropriate dose is 3 μg/L. 3 μg/L bFGF can obviously stimulate the proliferation of SMC on the biodegradable materials, which is used in artery tissue engineering for controlling.