Objective: To investigate the effects of early mobilisation and rehabilitation on mechanically ventilated critically ill patients with stroke. Method: Fifty critical stroke patients with mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into experimental (n= 25) and control group (n=25). All patients received routine medication and nursing in neurological ICU. In addition, the experimental group was treated with early mobilisation and rehabilitation (including respiratory training twice a day. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ) scores, the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), the success rate of ventilator weaning, the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay were compared between two groups. Result: ①There were no significant differences in APACHE Ⅱ score, between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). ②After treatment, the APACHE Ⅱ score in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). ③The treatment group patients presented a significantly lower incidence of VAP and higher success rate of ventilator weaning, and(d) the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay were significantly less than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Early mobilisation and respiratory training can improve the success rate of ventilator weaning of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients with stroke, and reduce the incidence of VAP, the duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay length. © 2020, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. All right reserved.