To explore the association of the plasma transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) level and blood lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) with the pathological grade, clinical stage and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). A total of 86 PCa patients treated in our hospital were enrolled. The changes in the expression of TGF-β1 were observed in patients with different clinical stages, different Gleason scores and different ages, and with or without bone metastasis. The correlation between blood LMR and clinicopathological features of PCa patients was detected. Moreover, the univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for clinicopathological factors and progression-free survival (PFS) after treatment, respectively. In terms of the clinical stage II, III and IV, the number of patients with high TGF-β1 expression was significantly larger than that with low TGF-β1 expression (p<0.05). Among those with Gleason score of 2-4 points, 5-6 points and 7-10 points, the number of patients with high TGF-β1 expression was significantly larger than that with low TGF-β1 expression (p<0.05). Among those aged ≥70 years old and <70 years old, there were more patients with high TGF-β1 expression than those with low TGF-β1 expression, but without significant differences (p>0.05). There were also more patients with high TGF-β1 expression than those with low TGF-β1 expression regardless of the presence or absence of bone metastasis, showing obvious differences (p<0.05). Besides, the association of LMR with depth of tumor infiltration, stage, grade, size and Gleason score was explored, and the results showed that LMR was negatively correlated with the above indexes (p<0.05). The univariate analysis was performed for 6 indexes, and the patients were divided into progression group (n=52) and non-progression group (n=34) based on the presence or absence of cancer progression after treatment. Obvious differences were found in the comparison of Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, TGF-β1 level and clinical stage between the two groups (p<0.05). It was found in the multivariate analysis that TGF-β1, Gleason score, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis were influencing factors for PFS after treatment (p<0.05). The TGF-β1 level is positively correlated with the severity, clinical stage and pathological grade of PCa. LMR is negatively correlated with the depth of tumor infiltration, stage and grade. Clinical stage, TGF-β1, lymph node metastasis and Gleason score are influencing factors for PFS of PCa patients after treatment.