It is unknown whether adding stanozolol to decitabine for maintenance can further improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after effective decitabine treatment in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients newly diagnosed with high-risk MDS who achieved at least partial remission after 4 cycles of decitabine (20 mg/m(2) days 1-5) were selected. In total, 62 patients (median age 66 years) were enrolled, of whom 21 were treated with stanozolol and decitabine for maintenance, and 41 were treated with decitabine alone. The median number of cycles for maintenance treatment was 6 (2-11) and 5 (2-12) for the stanozolol and control groups, respectively (p > 0.05). PFS in the stanozolol group was significantly longer than in the control group (15.0 vs 9.0 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.19-0.63, p = 0.0005), whereas OS was not significantly prolonged in the stanozolol group (21.0 vs 15.0 months, HR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.39-1.37, p = 0.33). The proportion of patients with severe neutropenia during maintenance treatment in the stanozolol group was lower than in the control group (76.2% vs 95.1%, p = 0.039). In conclusion, adding stanozolol to decitabine after effective decitabine treatment can prolong PFS and reduce the severity of neutropenia for patients with high-risk MDS.