Cerebral venous outflow disturbance can lead to cerebral hemodynamic disturbances, altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, cerebral venous blood stasis, increased cerebral venous pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion, cerebral white matter sparing-like changes, and widening of retinal vessel diameter. These changes are associated with numerous neurological signs and symptoms. Therefore, understanding the brain structural and functional changes in patients with cerebral venous outflow disturbance is essential to provide specific imaging evaluation indicators and new diagnosis and treatment methods for patients with cerebral venous return disorders.