The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of propranolol as an adjunctive treatment for refractory epilepsy. The significance of this research lies in exploring whether propranolol, as an inhibitor of the CAMP-PKA-MEK/ERK pathway, can provide anticonvulsant effects for a wider range of refractory epilepsy patients. The study holds the potential to offer a novel adjunctive anticonvulsant treatment strategy targeting the CAMP-PKA-MEK/ERK pathway, specifically administered for seizure events, and applicable to various forms of refractory epilepsy.