In 2025, a novel meningoencephalomyelitis associated with Vimentin IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been identified. Most patients exhibited progressive or recurrent episodes, characterized by prominent cerebellar ataxia, cranial nerve palsies, and pyramidal signs. The characteristic features included bilateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions of the corticospinal tract, elevated CSF protein levels, and increased CSF cell counts. Despite receiving immunotherapy, these patients experienced significant disability. This study employed a single-center, open-label, single-arm design to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) treatment in 40 patients with vimentin antibody (VIMA)-related diseases.