BackgroundIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) mainly affects obese young women, causing elevated intracranial pressure, headaches, and papilledema, risking vision loss and severe headaches. Despite weight loss as the primary treatment, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent research explores novel therapeutic targets.AimsThis review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of IIH's pathophysiology and clinical features to inform pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies.MethodsRecent publications on IIH were searched and summarized using PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE.ResultsThe review highlights potential pathomechanisms and therapeutic advances in IIH.ConclusionIIH incidence is rising, with growing evidence linking it to metabolic and hormonal disturbances. Early diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. We integrate recent studies and findings to provide a thorough and detailed exploration of various facets of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, including its epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical features, and treatment strategies. This contributes to a better understanding of the disease and potential therapeutic targets.image