Background: Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) is a genetic disorder characterized by bilateral basal ganglia calcification and neural degeneration. In this study, we reported a new SLC2OA2 mutation of IBGC and reviewed relevant literature to explore the association between phenotypes and genotypes in Chinese IBGC patients. Methods: Clinical information of the proband and her relatives were collected comprehensively. Blood samples of both the patient and her father were obtained, and genetic screening related to IBGC was performed using second generation sequencing with their consent. Findings were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Polyphen-2 was used to predict the potential association between mutations and disease. Then, we retrieved literatures of Chinese IBGC patients and explored the association between phenotype and genotype. Results: A novel mutation was identified through genetic testing, and it is suggested to be a damage mutation predicted by Polyphen-2. Through literature review, we found that SLC2OA2 mutation is the most common cause for IBGC in China. Its hot spot regions are mainly on the 1st and 8th exons; the second common one is PDGFB where the hot spot covered a length of 220-230 bp localized on the 2nd exon; moreover, Chinese IBGC patients featured early-onset, more severe movement disorder and relatively mild cognitive impairment compared with those in other countries. Conclusions: There is significant heterogeneity both in phenotype and genotype in Chinese IBGC patients. Further research of pathogenic mechanism of IBGC is required to eventually develop precise treatment for individuals who suffered this disease.