Background: This study aimed at exploring the effect of microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) targeting high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1)-receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) signaling pathway on the revascularization in a collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) rat model. Methods: OX26-pGFAP-IL, an immunoliposome expressing miR-129-5p was constructed. The collagenase-induced ICH rat models were successfully established by 96 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, which were categorized into the sham group, ICH group, miR-129-5p group, negative control (NC) group, ethyl pyruvate (EP, an inhibitor of HMGB1) group and N-benzyl-4-chloro-N-cyclohe-xylbenzamide (FPS-ZM1, a RAGE receptor antagonist) group. The miR-129-5p expression in the brain tissue homogenate was detected using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the protein expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE by Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used for the detection of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Microvessel density (MVD) was also detected. Results: Compared to the sham group, the ICH, NC, EP and FPS-ZM1 groups had a decrease in miR-129-5p expressions, and an increase in the protein expressions of HMGB1, RAGE and VEGF and MVD. In comparison to the ICH, NC, EP and FPS-ZM1 groups the miR-129-5p group had an elevation in the miRNA-129- 5p expressions. The miR-129-5p and EP groups had decreased HMGB1 protein expression and the miR-129-5p, EP and FPS-ZM1 groups had a reduced RAGE protein expression as compared to the ICH group. In comparison to the ICH group, the miR-129-5p, EP, FPS-ZM1 groups had a decline in the VEGF protein expression and MVD. Conclusion: Our study proved that up-regulation of miR-129-5p might suppress the HMGB1-RAGE signaling pathway to restrain the revascularization of rats with ICH. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.