Objective: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and tolerability of degarelix for lower urinary tract symptom relief, prostate volume reduction and quality of life improvement in men with prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods: A literature review was performed to identify all of the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used degarelix versus gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists plus antiandrogens therapy for the treatment of PCa. The search included the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Results: Three publications involving a total of 466 patients were used in the analysis, including three RCTs that compared degarelix with goserelin plus bicalutamide therapy for PCa over 12 weeks. For the comparison of degarelix with goserelin plus bicalutamide therapy, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) reduction (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.97 to -0.72, p = 0.001) and IPSS >= 13 (SMD = -2.68, 95% CI = -4.57 to -0.78, p = 0.006) indicated that decreases in IPSS were greater in degarelix-treated patients than in goserelin plus bicalutamide-treated patients. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicates that, compared with goserelin plus bicalutamide, degarelix has significantly more pronounced effects on lower urinary tract symptoms. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel