Despite being widely accepted as an important cause of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has seldom been studied in the Chinese population. The current study aims to investigate the incidence and features of CAA in surgically treated ICH patients in China. From May 2006 to April 2011, 974 patients admitted to 71 hospitals throughout China for acute spontaneous ICH were studied. Craniotomy for hematoma evacuation was performed. Brain tissue from the superficial side of the suspected residual hematoma cavity, as well as from the cortex and subcortex, was obtained. Congo Red stain and beta-amyloid immunohistochemistry were used for the diagnosis. Each case was assigned a pathological severity score. Of the 974 involved patients, 37.7 % were identified with CAA of different degrees. CAA had positive correlation with age and was independent of sex. Most patients had mild CAA with only the superficial vessels involved in lobes instead of the basal ganglia; the patients a parts per thousand yen65 years had more severe pathological score of CAA than those < 65 years and had more lobes and cerebellum involved than the latter. More than one third of the surgically treated Chinese ICH patients may have CAA of different degrees.