Genetic factors of human susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) are multiple and their effect may be ethnic- and age-dependent. TNFR2 encoded by the TNFRSF1B gene is one of the important TNF-alpha receptors; its polymorphisms were previously suggested as potential markers of host susceptibility to TB. Here, genotyping of three SNPs in TNERSF1B 3'UTR (rs1061624, rs5030792, rs3397) was performed in Han Chinese pediatric population (229 TB patients and 233 control subjects). rs5030792 was found homozygous (TT genotype) in all studied individuals. The rs3397-T allele was almost equally represented in both gender groups in this study; in particular, it was detected in 33.9% and 35.2% in female cases and controls, respectively (P = 0.8). This latter result differs strikingly from an African study where rs3397-T was found in only 12.8 and 16.2% of Ghanaian female cases and controls, respectively (P= 0.007 [Moller et al., 2010. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 181, 388-3931). In contrast, rs1061624-A allele, acting recessively, was found to be a possible risk factor for clinical TB in females (P = 0.03). The rs1061624 heterozygotes were overdominant in controls versus patients (P= 0.015) that warrants further study of their hypothetical advantage in TB. Neither of the common haplotypes was associated with susceptibility to TB. Compared to the published contrasting data on African (7-15%) and European (57%) populations, GTT haplotype was found in an intermediate frequency (26%). Further studies on both adult and pediatric populations in ethnically diverse settings are needed to elucidate the functionality of these 3'UTR SNPs of the TNFR2 gene. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.