Objective: To observe the effect of Xiaobailing Decoction on murine melanocytes in vitro and to explore the mechanism of Xiaobailing Decoction in the treatment of vitiligo. Methods: B-16F10 murine melanoma cells were cultured in 1640 medium and treated respectively with different concentrations (1mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 3mg/ ml) of the Chinese drug Xiaobailing Decoction and its main components, the drugs for replenishing the kidney-yang, and the drugs for nourishing blood and activating blood circulation, etc. for 7 days. MMT assay was used to determine the proliferation of B-16F10 murine melanoma cells. NaOH cleavage assay was adopted to measure the melanogenesis of melanocytes. Results: Xiaobailing Decoction, the drugs for replenishing the kidney-yang and the drugs for nourishing blood and activating blood circulation at different concentrations significantly improved the proliferation of B-16F10 murine melanoma cells from the 3rd day to the 5th day (P<0.05), with Xiaobailing Decoction at the concentrations of 1 mg/ml having the most distinct action on promoting the proliferation of melanocytes on the 3rd day (P<0.001); And the drugs for replenishing the kidney-yang at the concentrations of 2mg/ml and 3mg/ml and the drugs for nourishing blood and activating blood circulation at 3mg/ml significantly increased melanogenesis of melanocytes (P<0.05). Conclusion: Xiaobailing Decoction can promote melanocytic proliferation and melanogenesis in vitro, and it is indicated that the drugs for replenishing the kidney-yang and the drugs for nourishing blood and activating blood circulation play an important role in treating vitiligo.