Purpose: We sought to investigate the relationship between high CVP, AKI, and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Materials: All patients aged 18 years or older who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were prospectively reviewed. Patients were excluded when renal artery were involved before and during surgery. Patients were dichotomized into high CVP group(>10 mmHg) and low CVP group(<10 mmHg). All patients were followed by telephone. Results: A total of 1941 patients were included in observed study. In high CVP group, three hundred forty-seven patients (43.32%) developed AKI, while eighty-six (7.543%) in low CVP group(P <0.0001). Furthermore, in every KDIGO stage, patients of AKI in high CVP group were more than those in low CVP group(P <0.0001). The incidence of AKI increased as CVP increased, especially when CVP was higher than 10cmH2O. In a median followup time of 9.2 months, Crude mortality is 8365% in the high CVP group compared to 1.929% in the low CVP group (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, CVP remained the independent predictor of survival. Conclusions: High CVP is associated with AKI, and it is independently related to all-cause mortality in patients underwent cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.