BackgroundOptimal management of complicated chronic type B dissection with involvement of the distal aortic arch is controversial. Late complications related to thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) are much more common than those using open aortic surgery. We reviewed our experience of left subclavian artery (LSCA) transposition with implantation of a stented elephant trunk for complicated chronic type B dissection with involvement of the distal aortic arch. Materials and MethodsFrom January 2011 to June 2015, 20 patients with complicated chronic type B dissection with involvement of the distal aortic arch underwent LSCA transposition with implantation of a stented elephant trunk via a median sternotomy under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP). Preoperative renal dysfunction was observed in three patients, left heart failure in one patient, and spinal cord ischemia in one patient. ResultsThere was one (5.0%, 1/20) in-hospital death. All but one patient required mechanical ventilation for<24 hours. Mean duration of mechanical ventilation and mean duration of stay in the intensive care unit was 164 and 35 +/- 16 hours, respectively. No severe complications occurred. There was one death because of unknown cause during follow-up. One case received thoracoabdominal aortic replacement 9 months after surgery. ConclusionAcceptable surgical outcomes were obtained using LSCA transposition with implantation of a stented elephant trunk. This method is an alternative to TEVAR for complicated chronic type B dissection with involvement of the distal aortic arch.