Background: Passive transferred antibodies to the fetus play an essential role on protecting neonates and young infants until infant vaccination is more efficacious. However, very little is known about the discrepancy of DTP vaccine associated antibodies level in neonates from different economic areas in China. Methods: In 2018, 200 neonates hospitalized in Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital in Beijing, and 238 neonates hospitalized in Qianjiang Central Hospital located in the southwestern mountainous areas were included in this study. Antibodies specific for the antigens covered by DTP vaccine were determined using ELISA Kits (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). The cut off value of ≥0.1 IU/ml (anti-diphtheria, anti-Dtx), > 0.1 IU/ml (anti-tetanus, anti-Ttx) and > 40 IU/ml (anti-pertussis toxin, anti-Ptx) were used to assess the percentage of protected neonates, respectively. Results: The antibody levels in the neonates from Qianjiang (0.04 IU/ml for anti-Dtx IgG and 0.07 IU/ml for anti-Ttx IgG) were significantly lower than those from Shunyi (0.12 IU/ml for anti-Dtx IgG and 0.18 IU/ml for anti-Ttx IgG). The prevalence of protective anti-Dtx and anti-Ttx IgG were lower in the neonates from Qianjiang (7.1% for anti-Dtx IgG and 7.6% for anti-Ttx IgG) than in those from Shunyi (30.5% for anti-Dtx and 38.5% for anti-Ttx). The neonates from Qianjiang also had lower detectable rate of anti-Dtx (57.5%) and anti-Ttx IgG (55.8%) than neonates from Shunyi (97.5% for anti-Dtx and 71.0% for anti-Ttx). However, the detectable rate of anti-Ptx IgG in neonates from Qianjiang (39.9%) was higher significantly than in those from Shunyi (30.5%). Two neonates from Qianjiang have anti-PT IgG ≥100.0 IU/ml, which suggested that their mothers have a recent pertussis course. Conclusions: The regional discrepancy of the protective antibody rates might be caused by different vaccine coverage and pertussis exposure, which suggested the importance of Tdap booster immunization for pregnant women or women at childbearing age, those living undeveloped areas in particular. © 2019 The Author(s).