This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of children with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN), in order to improve the understanding of this disease. Data of 14 children with CPAN, who were hospitalized in the Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2006 to December 2016, were collected. The clinical characteristics of all patients were summarized, the antistreptolysin-O (ASO)-positive and ASO-negative groups were compared, and the follow-up results were analyzed. X2-test, Fisher's exact probability test, t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. Among these 14 CPAN patients, nodular rash was the most common manifestation (14/14). ASO-positive rashes were usually found in the lower limbs, and ASO-negative rashes were usually found in the upper extremities; and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). ASO-positive children were more likely to have joint symptoms (P<0.05), and were more prone to elevated white blood cells (P<0.05). Follow-ups were performed on nine patients, and the prognoses were all good. The occurrence of systemic polyarteritis nodosa was not observed. The children with CPAN in our study showed that skin nodules were the main manifestations, which did not occur in internal organs. Streptococcal infection is often the main cause. Anti-infection treatment should be simultaneously considered. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.