Background and Purpose-For the past 2 decades, stroke has been a principal cause of death in China, and stroke incidence tends to increase with the increase of stroke-related risk factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of urban community-based intervention on 3-year survival and recurrence after first-ever stroke. Methods-Two communities with a registered population of approximate to50000 each were selected as either intervention or control communities in Beijing during 1991 to 2000. Comprehensive intervention measures including the management of high-risk population and the health education of whole community population were regularly implemented. Then the influence of community intervention on 3-year survival and recurrence after initial stroke was evaluated. Results-Within 3 years, 41.85% of 736 patients in the intervention community died whereas 40.34% of 818 patients in the control community died. Of 223 cases from the intervention community, 26 (11.66%) had a recurrent stroke within 3 years versus 52 (20.80%) of 250 cases from the control community. The statistical difference was found. Compared with the control community, the death risk of first-ever stroke in the intervention community decreased by 26% (relative risk [RR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61 to 0.89; P = 0.002); especially, that of hemorrhagic stroke decreased by 39% (RR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.81; P = 0.001). Compared with the control community, the recurrence risk of first-ever stroke from the intervention community decreased by 42% (RR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.00; P = 0.048). Conclusion-Community intervention may be effective and beneficial to the recurrence prevention and survival improvement of stroke, especially hemorrhagic stroke.