We treated 126 patients with different neurosurgical diseases by performing endoscopic neurosurgery, endoscopy-controlled microneurosurgery and endoscopy-assisted microneurosurgery. The indications were intracranial cysts in 51 patients, brain cysticercosis in 10 patients, hydrocephalus in 31 patients, and epidermoid cysts in 34 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 24 months (mean follow-up duration 9 months). After operation, 115 of 126 patients had improvement in their initial symptoms, 7 had no change and 4 developed complications, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraventricular hemorrhage, and transient cardiopulmonary dysfunction. It is concluded that (1) neuroendoscopic techniques show a distinct value in the treatment of deep-seated, intracranial diseases, or ventricle and cistern lesions; (2) neuroendoscopic techniques play an important role in microneurosurgery and consequently improve surgical quality; (3) the benefits of neuroendoscopic techniques include less surgical manipulation and trauma, milder postoperative reaction, decreased expenses and shortened hospitalizations. Copyright (C) 2001 S.Karger AG, Basel.