Our previous studies have demonstrated that the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway contributes to the development of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) as well as an inflammatory reaction, and its inhibition may provide future therapeutic values. Thereby, this study aims to explore the effects of miR-326 on inflammatory response and ALI in mice with septic shock via the NF-kB signaling pathway. The study included normal mice and LPS-induced mouse models of septic shock with ALI. Modeled mice were transfected with the blank plasmid, miR-326 mimic, miR-326 inhibitor, si-BCL2A1 and miR-326 inhibitor + si-BCL2A1. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), airway pressure (AP), heart rate (HR) and lung wet dry (W/D) ratio were determined. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected using ELISA. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the miR-326 expression and expression levels of BCL2A1, related genes of inflammatory response and the NF-kB signaling pathway in lung tissues. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Compared to the ALI models and those transfected with blank plasmid, the up-regulated miR-326 expression and silenced BCL2A1 lead to decreased levels of MAP, increased AP, HR and lung W/D, increased serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, increased expressions of IL-6, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, NF-kB p65 (p-NF-kB p65), and iNOS with decreased expressions of BCL2A1s as well as inhibition of cell viability and enhanced cell apoptosis, the down-regulated miR-326 expression reversed the aforementioned situation. MiR-326 targeting the BCL2A1 gene activated the NF-kB signaling pathway, resulting in aggravated inflammatory response and lung injury of septic shock with ALI in mice.