Glioma is the most common primary central nervous system malignancy, which is a fatal and poorly prognostic tumor. Recent years, basic research, clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as various clinical trials related to glioma have been emerged. This article mainly explains the possible changes in the fifth edition of WHO Central Nervous System Tumor Classification and summarizes both the achievements and shortcomings in the development of the glioma diagnosis and treatment standard in China and also elaborates that the Glioblastoma Multiforme Adaptive Global Innovative Learning Environment (GBM AGILE), a new clinical trial system, plays a positive role in the development of the China's precision medical strategy and the pharmaceutical industry driven by scientific and technological innovation. Copyright © 2019 by the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery.