It is difficult to cure central nervous system tumors using traditional method, due to chemotherapy drugs lack of specificity. They kill the tumor cells, and damage normal tissues and organs at the same time. The latest hotspot is targeted therapy on the specific molecules in the molecular pathway of central nervous system tumor cells. This review introduces the relationship between molecularly biological characteristics of medulloblastoma, oligodendrocytoma, glioblastoma and the prognosis in the view of critical intracellular pathway and genetic mutation. Furthermore, it reviews the current situation and progress of targeted therapy of tumors. As a consequence, it offers some new information for the individualized therapy of central nervous system tumors. ©, 2015, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital. All right reserved.