In prospective studies, there is limited evidence of the association between inflammation and hypertension. We aimed to explore the relationship between systemic immune inflammatory index (SII)/systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and hypertension in a prospective cohort study to identify the best inflammatory cell markers that predict hypertension.This study was conducted in a functional community cohort in Beijing. In 2015, a total of 6003 individuals without hypertension were recruited and followed up until 2021. Using a restriction cubic spline with baseline SII/SIRI as a continuous variable, the dose-response relationship between hypertension and SII/SIRI was explored. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between hypertension and SII/SIRI trajectory groups. At a mean follow-up of 6 years, 970 participants developed hypertension. SII showed a significant nonlinear dose-response relationship with hypertension (P < 0.05). Higher SII/SIRI was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (SII: RR = 1.003, 95%CI: 1.001-1.004; SIRI: RR = 1.228, 95%CI: 1.015-1.486). Both SII and SIRI were more predictive in males than females (SII: 0.698 vs. 0.695; SIRI: 0.686 vs. 0.678).Both systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and systemic inflammatory response Index (SIRI) independently increased the risk of hypertension, and both were effective inflammatory cell indicators that predict the risk of hypertension.Copyright © 2023 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.