Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain. Aβ is produced by
sequential β- and γ-secretase cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Clinical trials targeting β- and γ-secretases have all failed,
partly because of the strong side effects. The aims of this work were to determine if the direct cleavage of APP by γ-secretase inhibits Aβ
production, and to identify γ-cleavage-inhibiting signals within APP that can be targeted to prevent Aβ generation without inhibiting any
enzyme. Methods: An APP mutant mimicking secreted APPγ was overexpressed in cells to test β-cleavage and Aβ production. APP
deletion and truncation mutants were overexpressed in cells to identify the γ-secretase-inhibiting domain. The intracellular transport
of the mutants was examined using immunofluorescence. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Results: The APP N-terminal fragment mimicking the direct γ-cleavage product was not cleaved by beta-secretase 1 to produce
detectable Aβ. However, in cells, the C-terminal fragments of APP longer than the last 116 residues could not be cleaved by γ-secretase
in cells. No deletion mutant was cleaved by γ-secretase. C99, the direct precursor of Aβ, was no longer a γ-secretase substrate when
green fluorescent protein was fused to its N-terminus. The large ectodomains prevented access to γ-secretase. Conclusions: Enabling
the direct γ-cleavage of APP is a new and valid strategy to reduce Aβ. However, APP does not inhibit γ-cleavage via a specific inhibitory
sequence in the ectodomain. Other methods to fulfill the strategy may benefit AD prevention and therapy
基金:
This work was supported by National Natural Science
Foundation of China (no. 81870832), and Beijing Committees of Education-Science Foundation of Beijing joint fund
(no. KZ202010025040) to ZW.
第一作者机构:[1]The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053 Beijing, China.
通讯作者:
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714):
Li Yuan,Li Hejie,Liang Wenping,et al.The Large Ectodomain of APP Prevents APP from being Directly Cleaved by γ-Secretase[J].FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK.2024,29(2):78.doi:10.31083/j.fbl2902078.
APA:
Li Yuan,Li Hejie,Liang Wenping,Li Yu&Wang Zhe.(2024).The Large Ectodomain of APP Prevents APP from being Directly Cleaved by γ-Secretase.FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK,29,(2)
MLA:
Li Yuan,et al."The Large Ectodomain of APP Prevents APP from being Directly Cleaved by γ-Secretase".FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK 29..2(2024):78