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The Large Ectodomain of APP Prevents APP from being Directly Cleaved by γ-Secretase

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机构: [1]The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053 Beijing, China.
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关键词: Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid-β; amyloid precursor protein; γ-secretase; nicastrin

摘要:
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain. Aβ is produced by sequential β- and γ-secretase cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Clinical trials targeting β- and γ-secretases have all failed, partly because of the strong side effects. The aims of this work were to determine if the direct cleavage of APP by γ-secretase inhibits Aβ production, and to identify γ-cleavage-inhibiting signals within APP that can be targeted to prevent Aβ generation without inhibiting any enzyme. Methods: An APP mutant mimicking secreted APPγ was overexpressed in cells to test β-cleavage and Aβ production. APP deletion and truncation mutants were overexpressed in cells to identify the γ-secretase-inhibiting domain. The intracellular transport of the mutants was examined using immunofluorescence. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Results: The APP N-terminal fragment mimicking the direct γ-cleavage product was not cleaved by beta-secretase 1 to produce detectable Aβ. However, in cells, the C-terminal fragments of APP longer than the last 116 residues could not be cleaved by γ-secretase in cells. No deletion mutant was cleaved by γ-secretase. C99, the direct precursor of Aβ, was no longer a γ-secretase substrate when green fluorescent protein was fused to its N-terminus. The large ectodomains prevented access to γ-secretase. Conclusions: Enabling the direct γ-cleavage of APP is a new and valid strategy to reduce Aβ. However, APP does not inhibit γ-cleavage via a specific inhibitory sequence in the ectodomain. Other methods to fulfill the strategy may benefit AD prevention and therapy

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出版当年[2023]版:
大类 | 4 区 生物学
小类 | 4 区 生化与分子生物学 4 区 细胞生物学
最新[2023]版:
大类 | 4 区 生物学
小类 | 4 区 生化与分子生物学 4 区 细胞生物学
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出版当年[2022]版:
Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Q3 CELL BIOLOGY
最新[2023]版:
Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Q3 CELL BIOLOGY

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第一作者机构: [1]The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053 Beijing, China.
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