Purpose: Previously, we demonstrate that the presence of autoantibodies against beta(1), beta(2) and alpha(1) adrenoreceptors are highly prevalent in heart failure and may participate in its pathogenesis. The purpose of the current study is to determine the relationship between the presence of autoantibodies against beta(1), beta(2) and alpha(1) adrenoreceptors and chronic cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Methods: Synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acid sequences of the second extracellular loops of beta(1), beta(2) and alpha(1) adrenoreceptors were synthesized as antigens to test 30 patients with chronic CRS, 30 heart failure patients without kidney disease and 38 healthy controls for the presence of autoantibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The respective frequencies of autoantibodies against beta(1), beta(2) and alpha(1) adrenoreceptors are 66.6% (20/30), 73.3% (22/30) and 70% (21/30) in patients with chronic CRS, 40.0% (12/30) (P = 0.04), 46.7% (14/30) (P = 0.03) and 43.3% (13/30) (P = 0.03) in heart failure patients without kidney disease and 10.5% (4/38), 7.9% (3/38) and 10.5% (4/38) (P < 0.001) in healthy controls. Titers of these autoantibodies are also significantly increased in patients with chronic CRS. Meanwhile the titers of three autoantibodies have positive correlation with the increase of the value of serum creatinine. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the presence and titers of autoantibodies against beta(1), beta(2) and alpha(1) adrenoreceptors in patients with chronic CRS are not only significantly increased than those of healthy control group, but also significantly increased than those of heart failure group. We posit that these autoantibodies may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic CRS.