Objective To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of simultaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and abdominal endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods A total of 21 patients (20 men; mean 657 years, range 54-77) underwent simultaneous TEVAR and EVAR between September 2010 and June 2015 at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had concomitant thoracic pathologies (aneurysm, penetrating aortic ulcer, intramural hematoma, or dissection) and abdominal aortic aneurysm. The abdominal aneurysms diameters ranged from 5.9cm to 10cm. Thoracic lesions in 17 patients were complicated with acute aortic syndrome, and the remainders had indications for simultaneous repair. All patients were followed up postoperative at 1 month, 6 months, and yearly thereafter. Technique success, procedure-related complications were evaluated. Results All patients received local anesthesia, perioperative relative high arterial pressure (above 130/80mmHg) maintenance, and prophylactic high-dose corticosteroid. The technical success rate was 100%. Average procedural time was 157.6 +/- 45.6min. The length of thoracic coverage was 20.4 +/- 4.7cm (range 15-27). Two patients required left subclavian artery coverage during TEVAR and two patients required lowest renal artery coverage during EVAR. Chimney stents were deployed simultaneously. Patients were followed between 2 and 59 months postoperatively. No patients developed acute cardiopulmonary complications and contrast-induced nephropathy. Two patients developed transient lower extremity weakness that resolved with blood pressure elevation, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and intravenous drips of high-dose corticosteroid. The average hospital stay was 10.7 +/- 7.9 days (range 4-30). During follow-up, one patient died of aneurysm rupture at postoperative 6 months, two patients developed type Ib endoleak at 9 months and 48 months respectively, one was successfully sealed with iliac stent-graft extension, the other received conservative treatment and is symptom free till now. Conclusion Combined TEVAR and EVAR can be performed safely with minimal morbidity and mortality. When anatomically feasible, simultaneous TEVAR and EVAR can be considered as an acceptable alternative for multilevel aortic diseases.